TOEFL Sample Question

 In literature, the theme is the general idea that is expressed throughout the piece.

The theme of the poem is rarely obvious, and it may be difficult to interpret the theme right away. However, by paying attention to certain elements in the poem, it is easier to discern what the theme is.

 The first element that can indicate theme is the title of the poem, as it contains the first words the reader encounters. Therefore, it can supply information about what the author wishes to express.

Consider the poem "A Boat beneath a Sunny Sky," by Lewis Carroll.

This title suggests a peaceful afternoon and happy times. From simply analyzing the title, the reader can assume that the theme will involve a joyful, tranquil experience.

 Sometimes, however, the title is not enough to unearth the theme of a poem.

Another way to find the theme of a piece of literature is by analyzing repeated words or images. In "A Boat beneath a Sunny Sky," Carroll repeatedly mentions dreams: dreams that linger over the evening and dreams that help the days go by. In the final line, Carroll writes: "Life, what is it but a dream?" By analyzing the repeated words, the reader can conclude that the theme of the poem is to appreciate the dream-like qualities of life.