TOEFL Sample Question
작성자
CLI 아카데미
작성일
2013-03-11 09:51
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4185
Read the following passage. Then fill in the diagram with the information that you read.
The benefits of Phytochemicals
Many health benefits of fruits and vegetable can be attributed to substances called phytochemicals. These are chemicals that give many vegetables their typical bright colors. Phytochemicals are found naturally in plants and provide with various positive effects. For example, an orange has over 170 phytochemical that help it resist harmfulbacteria and disease. When humans eat fruit with phytochemials, many of those same benefits transfer to the human body.
The consumption of phytochemicals can lead a lower incidence of many deadly diseases, such as cancer. They have two main roles in cancer prevention. First, many phytochemicals can modify the amount of hormones that the body produces. Eating soybeans regularly has been linked to modified estrogen metabolism. Estrogen can fuel the growth of cancer cells. Phytochemmicals seem to help regulate this hormone. In fact, a study showed that women who ate roughly five servings of vegetables a day had a forty-six percent lower risk of developing breast cancer. Many phytochemicals also protect against free radicals. Free radicals are molecules that can cause cancer cells to develop more easily. Many phytpchemicals can neutralize free radicals before they adversely affect cells within the human body.
Phytochemicals are also good for general health. Certain ones are able to bind physically with cell walls within the body. They act as a barrier, preventing the passage of harmful pathogens into the cells. This allows the body a ready defense against common viruses. Cranberries, for instance, are effective in this regard. Similarly, other plants’ phytochemicals reinforce the cell in the gums, which protects against gum diseases such as gingivitis.
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Metabolism : a bodily process necessary to maintain life
Serving : a suggested amount of food
Molecule : a group of two or more atoms
Neutralize : to make something ineffective
Adversely : unfavorably
Pathogen : something that causes sickness
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Q. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true?
(A) Phytochemicals protect plants from disease
(B) Phytochemicals are not fond in all plants
(C) Some fruits may lose their color over time
(D) Humans cannot stay healthy without Phytochemicals.
A > (A) Phytochemicals protect plants from disease