TOEFL Question
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CLI 아카데미
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2020-05-21 09:29
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Art History
Earthworks is an art movement that surged during the late 1960S. It is a type of art made in nature that often uses raw materials found in the natural world. Earthworks pieces can be monumental in scope. For example, Robert Smithson’s Spiral Jetty is over 300 meters long. It is made entirely of dirt and rock that was bulldozed into a circular pattern in the middle of a lake. Like many other art movements, the Earthworks movement was inspired by events occurring in the world.
Earthworks artists believed that art had become over-commercialized. In other words, they worried that the artistic value of their work had become deemphasized as galleries strove to sell more and more. In response, many young artists came together and created a new type of art. Their pieces were meant to be a rejection of commercial art, which was popular at the time. They hoped to expand the artistic vision of the general population beyond the gallery and rejected what they considered the artificiality that had taken over the art scene.
Additionally, the period in question was a time of social reform and awareness. For the first time, people were becoming concerned about protecting the environment. For Earthworks artists, this concern translated to contemplation about the role of nature in daily life and its ties to art. A typical characteristic of Earthworks art is the use of natural and organic material, such as stones, dirt, or tree branches. Furthermore, Earthworks artists not only sought inspiration in nature, but also believed that art must be created in nature. Because of this, most pieces were constructed outside. In fact, for Earthworks artists, the landscape was considered the canvas, although a few Earthwork pieces were featured in galleries.
Monumental: impressively large
Scope: a range; an extent
Bulldoze: to flatten or reshape land
Commercialize: to run something as a business; to exploit for financial gain
Deemphasize: to take the focus away from
Artificiality: the state of being fake
Landscape: an area of scenery
Q. The word strove in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) competed
(B) aimed
(C) kept from
(D) declined
A>B